![]() Of the 12 patients, five showed lesions at other sites (e.g., the brainstem, corpus callosum, or frontal orbital gyrus) before or after the development of cortical encephalitis. Seven cases exhibited unilateral cortical FLAIR hyperintensity, and five cases (42%) had bilateral cortical FLAIR hyperintensity, including four cases involving the bilateral medial frontal lobes. The median CSF anti-NMDAR antibody titer was 1:10 (1:1–1:32), while the median serum MOG antibody titer was 1:32 (1:10–1:1024). Increases in intracranial pressure (median: 262.5 mmH 2O, range: 150–380 mmH 2O), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocyte count (median: 128×10 6/L, range: 1-610×10 6/L), and protein level (median: 0.48 g/L) were also observed. The most common clinical manifestations of FLAMES overlaid with anti-NMDARe were epilepsy (12/12), headache (11/12), and fever (10/12). Results: A total of 12 patients were analyzed in the study. Methods: We report a new case of this overlap syndrome and present a systematic review of similar cases in the literature to provide information on the clinical presentation, MRI features, EGG abnormalities, treatment, and prognosis of patients with this rare syndrome. However, this rare MOG antibody disease may coexist with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARe), in an overlap syndrome with unknown clinical features and prognosis. Neurology Department, Neuromedical Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Chinaīackground: FLAIR-hyperintense lesions in anti-MOG-associated encephalitis with seizures (FLAMES) has been identified increasingly frequently in recent years.Jia-Xin Yang Miao-Miao Yang Yu-Juan Han Cai-Hong Gao Jie Cao *
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